The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to American scientists John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for observing quantum behavior in an electrical circuit. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the trio was honored for their discovery of macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in a circuit, proving that quantum effects can occur beyond the microscopic level. Committee Chair Olle Eriksson said the discovery “reveals that quantum mechanics continues to surprise us, even a century after its foundation.” Clarke works at UC Berkeley, Devoret at Yale University and UC Santa Barbara, and Martinis at UC Santa Barbara.