Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden announced the 2021 Nobel Prize laureates in Physics. Japanese-born meteorologist Syukuro Manabe and German physicist, climate researcher and oceanographer Klaus Hasselmann were awarded “for the the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”, and Italian physicist Giorgio Parisi “for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales.”

“The discoveries being recognized this year demonstrate that our knowledge about the climate rests on a solid scientific foundation, based on a rigorous analysis of observations. This year’s Laureates have all contributed to us gaining deeper insight into the properties and evolution of complex physical systems,” said Thors Hans Hansson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.